Section 03: NC Tech Industry

Tech Sub Categories

The tech industry was further evaluated by breaking it down into four sub-categories:

Energy Technology
Environmental Technology
Life Sciences
IT, TELECOM, HARDWARE, & SOFTWARE (IT)

The Information Technology (IT) group includes industries related to hardware manufacturing, software services, social media, telecommunications, and other computer-related services. Energy Technology includes industries involved in fossil fuel and renewable power operations. Environmental Technology encompasses industries related to electrification, batteries, environmental consulting, and waste remediation services. Life Sciences includes industries engaged in pharmaceutical manufacturing and research and development in biotechnology.

North Carolina’s Technology Industry by Sub-Categories, 2024

Technology Categories Employment, 2024 Employment Change, 2023-2024 Employment Change, 2019-2024 Establishments, 2024 Sales, 2024 (millions) National Location Quotient
Energy Tech
14,756
0.4%
10.7%
697
$13,494
0.46
Environmental Tech
24,879
6.7%
-4.7%
2,140
$6,056
0.94
Life Sciences
112,690
2.2%
25.3%
7,883
$49,723
1.13
IT
176,089
0.7%
20.5%
24,453
$66,818
1.03
Total Tech
328,414
1.6%
19.2%
35,173
$136,092
1.02
Source: EL estimates based on Lightcast 2025.4
Note: Some values may not add to the exact total due to rounding.

Employment concentration ratios help illustrate how strongly an industry is represented within a regional economy. Values greater than 1.00 indicate that the industry is more concentrated locally than the national average and represents a significant part of a state’s economic base. Industries with high concentration often drive a region’s exports and wealth creation. Overall, the share of workers in North Carolina’s tech industry is comparable to the national average. In life sciences and IT, the state has higher concentrations.

The IT subcategory accounts for 54 percent of the jobs in the tech industry. Job growth has been strong in all subcategories except for environmental technology. The job decline in the environmental technology sector is heavily influenced by a reclassification of jobs rather than a true decline in workers. From 2021 to 2022, more than 4,900 jobs in Durham County from the Instruments for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Processes industry were reclassified to the corporate offices industry (outside of the tech industry). The BLS reclassifies companies often to ensure their code is most in line with the activity of the business. One-year growth in this subsector has since been strong, and overall, the tech industry has been adding jobs at high levels.

IT EMPLOYMENT CHANGE, 2023-2024

09 it employment change
Source: EL estimates based on Lightcast 2025.4

Compared with last year’s report, the pace of growth has slowed. This is consistent with national trends, as venture funding and consumer demand weakened after the Federal Reserve began raising interest rates to combat inflation. This has hit the IT sector the hardest. From 2023 to 2024, the national average rate of change in employment was a decline of 2.6 percent. North Carolina was one of ten states that had net positive growth in the IT subcategory.

The tech industry can also be evaluated by whether jobs and establishments are involved in tech services or in the production of tech goods. These categories are referred to as output groups. In North Carolina, most of the tech industry is involved in providing tech services. Tech manufacturing is highly concentrated in the state. Growth in tech manufacturing has not been as strong as growth in tech services, likely affected by the reclassification mentioned above. All forms of manufacturing jobs in North Carolina have been on the decline in recent years.

North Carolina’s Technology Industry by Output Categories, 2024

Technology Output Categories Employment, 2024 Employment Change, 2023-2024 Employment Change, 2019-2024 Establishments, 2024 Sales, 2024 (millions) Concentration
Tech Services
262,269
2.0%
25.3%
34,307
$98,464
0.96
Tech Manufacturing
66,145
0.0%
-0.1%
866
$37,628
1.20
Total Tech
328,414
1.6%
19.2%
35,173
$136,092
1.02
Source: EL estimates based on Lightcast 2025.4
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